Cartographic Design Principles for 3d Maps a Contribution to Cartographic Theory

The cartographic design of computer-generated perspective views with cartographic content – so-called 3D maps – follows mostly the preferences of map authors. It is affected by a large number of input variables. Here, all steps of the design process have to be considered (concept, modeling, symbolization, visualization). For classic maps, cartographic design principles were established many decades ago. But for 3D maps, there do not exist any equivalent principles yet. The goal of the described research project was the derivation of new cartographic design principles for 3D maps. Starting from an overview of design aspects and variables, a systematic set of 3D maps examples were generated. The maps, considering different graphic variables and variations, were evaluated by means of expert interviews. As result, 19 propositions of cartographic design principles were postulated. They should assist map authors in their creative work. Also, they could have an impact for the theory in 3D cartography.